Original Research

Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling persons aged ≥60 years in Inanda, Ntuzuma and KwaMashu in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal

Jayalakshmi Narainsamy, Jennifer Chipps, Bilkish Cassim
South African Journal of Psychiatry | Vol 21, No 1 | a576 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v21i1.576 | © 2015 Jayalakshmi Narainsamy, Jennifer Chipps, Bilkish Cassim | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 30 January 2014 | Published: 01 February 2015

About the author(s)

Jayalakshmi Narainsamy, Department of Geriatrics, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, South Africa
Jennifer Chipps, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, South Africa
Bilkish Cassim, Department of Geriatrics, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, South Africa

Full Text:

PDF (118KB)

Abstract

Background. Physical and psychological ailments increase with age; while the physical ailments are well documented, mental health issues have received less attention. 

Objective. To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated risk factors in individuals aged 60 years living in a low-resource peri-urban area in South Africa. 

Methods. Secondary analysis was performed on data obtained from a primary study conducted to determine the influence of socioeconomic and environmental factors on the health status and quality of life in older persons living in the Inanda, Ntuzuma and KwaMashu (INK) area. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CES-D 10) was used to screen for depressive symptoms in the week preceding the interview, and respondents were categorised as having no (score <10), mild (10 - 14), or severe (>14) depressive symptoms. Risk factor associations were tested using Pearson’s χ2 tests and logistic regression. 

Results. There were 1 008 respondents (mean (standard deviation) age 68.9 (7.4) years), of whom 503 (49.1%) did not meet criteria for depressive symptoms. Of the 505 (50.1%) respondents who met the CES-D 10 criteria for depressive symptoms, 422 (41.9%) had mild and 83 (8.2%) had severe depressive symptoms. In the univariate analysis, significant associations were found with age (p=0.011), household size (p=0.007), income (p=0.033), disability (p=0.001), nutritional status (p≤0.001), the inability to count on family (p=0.008) and lack of mastery (p≤0.001). In direct binary logistic regression, there were significant associations with lack of mastery (p≤0.001), inability to count on family (p=0.027), malnutrition (p≤0.001) and household size (p=0.024).

Conclusion. This study highlights the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the elderly in the INK area, and the need to promote successful ageing of the elderly population in this area.


Keywords

Elderly; Depressive symptoms; Risk factors

Metrics

Total abstract views: 2913
Total article views: 1041

 

Crossref Citations

1. Negative social interactions and the persistence of depression: Evidence from the women of Westbury, South Africa
Cyril Dalene Rathnum, Jacqueline Moodley
Journal of Psychology in Africa  vol: 32  issue: 3  first page: 238  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1080/14330237.2021.2018161